1. Geology, resources and reserves

Exploration results may not become economic resources or reserves. Sampling, assay, modelling, competent-person qualifications, reporting codes, cut-off grades, recovery and commodity assumptions require independent review.

2. Title, licence and authority

A licence may be expired, disputed, non-transferable, encumbered or subject to work, tax, environmental, local-content or community obligations. Seller and representative authority must be confirmed with competent registries and counsel.

3. Operating and environmental risk

Permits, water, power, access, tailings, waste, closure, rehabilitation, biodiversity, health and safety, community consent, artisanal mining and security conditions may materially affect value and feasibility.

4. Product and logistics risk

Quantity, grade, contamination, moisture, sampling, custody, export rights, customs, sanctions, transport, port access, insurance and delivery terms require contractually defined inspection and evidence.

5. Financial and counterparty risk

Proof of funds, banking route, beneficial ownership, debt, liens, tax, foreign exchange, credit, escrow, payment fraud and source of funds must be independently assessed.

6. Political and regulatory risk

Law, tax, royalty, export policy, national participation, sanctions, currency controls, state ownership, permits and government decisions can change. Country profiles are informational and may become outdated.

7. Fraud and document risk

Forged licences, duplicate mandates, false assay certificates, cloned websites, impersonated officials and altered banking instructions occur in international trade. Verify through independently sourced contact details.

8. No reliance on platform publication

Publication, membership, verification status or document-on-file language does not eliminate these risks or replace professional due diligence.